Allowing subscribers to modify Custom Metadata Type records included in a managed package can pose security risks. Public Custom Metadata Types are accessible and modifiable by the org admin and potentially by other packages or untrusted code within the subscriber org.
To ensure security, it's recommended to use Protected Custom Metadata Types. These restrict access and modifications to the managed package's code, preventing unauthorized changes. If subscribers need to update records, you should implement a secure mechanism like a custom UI or API endpoint with proper access controls.
If custom metadata isn't accessible, you can use protected custom settings as an alternative. This allows subscribers to modify configuration data securely. You'd need to create a custom UI (using Visualforce, Aura, or LWC) to capture the subscriber's input and pass it to an Apex class within the managed package for secure storage.