To include the definition of a Custom Setting in your package for storing customer-specific secrets, you should use a Protected Custom Setting. This ensures the secrets are securely stored and not accessible to unauthorized users or external packages.
You will need to create a custom UI using Visualforce, Aura, or Lightning Web Components to allow subscribers to input and manage the secrets. The UI should pass the input to an Apex class within the managed package for secure storage. Additionally, ensure that permissions for accessing and updating the secrets are restricted to admin users only.
To package custom metadata types and make them visible and editable in a subscriber org, you can use "Protected Custom Metadata." This ensures the metadata is secure and accessible only through the managed package's Apex code. If the subscriber needs to edit or update the metadata, you may need to create a custom UI using Visualforce, Aura, or LWC.